The alchemy of the universe.
A star found in the Milky way is made up of very unique elements, not caused by an extreme supernova explosion that is 10 times more powerful than a supernova explosion. This view was recently published in the academic journal Nature.
The process of the formation of heavy elements such as gold (element number 79) in the universe may actually be more diverse than previously thought, which is slowly being unraveled.
Stars that are too rare
The star name with a unique element configuration is "SMSS J200322.54-114203.3". Located in the Hello at the end of the Milky way, 7500 light-years from the sun, it is covered with heavy elements. In addition to nitrogen (element number 7), the proportion of heavy elements such as zinc (element number 30), europium (element number 63) and uranium (element number 92) is very high, but on the other hand, it is characterized by the extremely low proportion of iron (element number 25).
"SMSS J200322.54-114203.3 found that the ratio of iron to hydrogen is 3000 times lower than that of the sun, so it is a rare presence of so-called metal-deficient stars," explained astronomer David Yong of the Australian National University, the lead author of the paper published in the journal Nature.
"but it's not the only one. It is rarer to contain much more heavy elements than thought, a big discovery around "finding a needle in a haystack". "
Mr. Yangu found this rare strange planet from about 600 million objects registered by SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. The first is 20 6000, and the second is 150. on the basis of gradually shrinking the candidate, only SMSS J200322.54-114203.3 is composed of high nitrogen and high zinc elements, so it is chosen as the object of study.
A big bang that surpasses a supernova explosion
But why work so hard to find stars covered with heavy elements?
According to Mr. Yungu,
There's a little bit of heavy element generation here.
The universe born from the Big Bang had only hydrogen and helium. As a result, stars born in the early universe are made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. Elements up to heavier iron are produced by nuclear fusion inside the star. Then, as the early stars died, could not bear the weight and collapsed into neutron stars and black holes, the heavy elements spread into the universe and were soon inherited as a new generation of stars.
To produce elements heavier than iron, we must first start with a large number of neutrons from relatively light elements. Over time, some neutrons collapse into protons, so the element that gets the proton is converted into heavier isotopes. However, this process requires a lot of energy. As the source of energy supply, neutron star combination and supernova explosion have attracted the most attention so far.
The process of star death has been fully proved in previous studies, so we can also calculate the speed of star death and the amount of heavy elements produced by the energy associated with it. However, in the case of SMSS J200322.54-114203.3, the amount of heavy elements is always inconsistent with the calculation. It should be said that it obviously seems too much.
"there must be a source of this remaining heavy element," explained Qianjing Kobayashi, an astronomer at the University of Hartfordshire and one of the researchers. The only answer that can explain the existence of its remaining heavy elements is the extreme supernova explosion.
The production method of High efficiency heavy elements
After research, the team came up with the following hypothesis.
13 billion years ago, when the universe was very young, the rapid collapse of massive stars triggered the Big Bang. The planet not only has a strong magnetic field, but also rotates at a high speed, so it exerts 10 times more explosive force than a normal supernova explosion, producing all the heavy elements. Then, not long after the precipitation of the Big Bang, SMSS J200322.54-114203.3 was born. That's the script.
"SMSS J200322.54-114203.3 contains very little iron, and it can be speculated that the planet was born shortly after the birth of the Milky way," Mr. Yengu said. "judging from the fact that such galaxies were born not long ago, it is thought that an event that produces heavy elements is more likely than a script that slowly generates heavy elements through the combination of neutron stars."
In the archaic universe, a giant star with a magnetic field was spinning at a high speed, and soon burst out on a previously unimaginable scale, while spreading many heavy elements into the universe-- From the chemical evolution of the Milky way calculated by Mr. Kobayashi, it is reasonable to think that such magnetic rotational instability supernovae have played an important role in the evolution of the universe.
If we can find more planets like SMSS J200322.54-114203.3, then we should also get more certainty about the extremely supernova of magnetic rotation instability. In the universe 13 billion years ago, it is a pity that it is not possible to confirm what actually happened, but as long as the hypothesis is not denied, the possibility that the magnetically rotational unstable supernova theory is true is not zero.
ReferenceDiscovery NatureMagna EurekAlertudes, Astronomical Dictionary
